Skin Structure - Skin Functions

The skin consists of an outer, protective layer (epidermis) and an inner, living layer (dermis). The top layer of the epidermis is composed of dead cells containing keratin, the horny protein that also makes up hair and nails. The epidermis is comprised of five layers (from the inside out): the basal layer, prickly layer, granular layer, clear layer and horny layer.

Skin regeneration takes place daily through cell division in the basal layer. Every 28 days, cells travel from the innermost to outermost layer of the epidermis. During this process, they die and are eventually shed. This layer is divided (again from the inside out) into the papillary and reticular layers. It contains blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue.

Hair roots are also embedded here. The connective tissue is formed from collagen and elastin fibers and is responsible for the skin's tautness- i.e., its flexibility and elasticity. The subcutis is comprised of only a single layer and differs from person to person in thickness, because it contains the fat cells. The subcutis stores energy for the body by acting as a nutrient reserve and helps protect it from cold and injury.

Sebaceous Glands - These tiny organs usually open into hair follicles on the surface of your skin. They produce oily secretion, called sebum, which is the skin's natural lubricant.

Sweat Glands - There are millions of sweat glands all over your body an dtheir main function is to regulate your body temperature.

Hairs - Hairs grow from hair follicles. They can help keep body warm by trapping air underneath them.

The main Functions of Skin

• It acts as a thermostat, retaining heat or cooling you down with sweat.
• It offers protection from potentially harmful things.
• It acts as a waste disposal
• It provides you with a sense of touch.

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